Day 1 :
Keynote Forum
D N Poenaru
Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Romania
Keynote: Main decay modes of super heavy nuclei
Time : 09:30-10:00
Biography:
Abstract:
Keynote Forum
J P Draayer
Louisiana State University, USA
Keynote: Intersection of science & technology at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
Time : 10:00-10:30
Biography:
J P Draayer is currently president of SURA and Roy P.Daniels Professor of Physics at Louisiana State University, USA. Dr. Draayer received a Ph.D. in Physics and
Mathematics (1968) and a B.S. in Physics and Electrical Engineering (1964), both from Iowa State University. He is a fellow of the American Physical Society and of the
American Association for the Advancement of Science. In his 30+ years as a faculty member in the Department of Physics and Astronomy at Louisiana State University,
Dr. Draayer has served as chair of his Department, Vice-president of the Faculty Senate, and Chair of the Council for the College of Basic Sciences. He also holds a joint
appointment as a professor in the Department of Computer Science. He has sponsored 17 long-term/sabbatical visitors, 13 postdoctoral associates, 17 Ph.D. candidates,
plus a complement of M.S. students.
Abstract:
Exploiting symmetries to unveil simplicity within complexity remains the holy grail of nuclear physics. Frequently referenced
as ‘from quarks to the cosmos’ studies, this topic is laced with technical innovations that have proven to spawn big benefits
for mankind. The author plans to briefly discuss the scientific agenda of Jefferson Lab, along with its exemplar technologies that
highlight current and future innovation – from faster and more energy efficient computer chips to the early detection of cancer – all
driven forward by scientific discovery at this the newest of the DOE’s labs, a lab that was purposed to explore and expose the very
nature of the strong and weak interactions, which dominate physical matter at the extremes of the universe. The author will also
comment on the rapidly changing nature of science, as it plays a growing role in shaping our future – things that used to be framed
as science for the sake of science, now emerging as the underpinning of significant technologies that can directly impact the world
order. From very sophisticated hockey-puck-sized communications satellites to quantum computing, it seems we are knocking on
the door a different brave new world. Nevertheless, exposing simplicity within complexity and exploiting it remains key!
Keynote Forum
Gottfried Münzenberg
GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research, Germany
Keynote: Exploring the limits: From halo nuclei to super heavy elements - basic research and new medical applications
Time : 11:00-11:30
Biography:
Gottfried Münzenberg completed his PhD at Giessen University. He was the Leader of the GSI Department: Nuclear Structure and Nuclear Chemistry and University Professor at Mainz University. Among his awards are the Röngten Preis of Giessen University, the Otto Hahn Preis der Stadt Frankfurt, and the Lise Meitner Prize of EPS. He was awarded Hononrary Doctor of JINR Dubna and University of Jyväskylä.
Abstract:
Exploring the limits of the existence of elementary matter is a primary goal of nuclear physics. New species such as halo nuclei
and super heavy elements have been discovered. Experimental methods have been further developed for medical applications
including cancer therapy with heavy ion beams and time-of-flight mass spectrometry for medical diagnostics. This work has been
largely carried out at the GSI Helmholzzentrum für Schwerionenforscheung. Light neutron rich nuclei at the limits of nuclear
binding develop neutron halos. The nuclear core is surrounded by a halo of dilute neutron matter, heavier species develop a neutron
skin. Reaction studies give new insights in nuclear structure. The key instrument for these experiments is the GSI projectile fragment
separator (FRS). With the FRS basic research for cancer therapy with heavy ion beams such as the choice of the therapy beam
and a special PET diagnostics have been made. Super heavy elements (SHE) at the upper end of the periodic table exist only by
shell stabilization. At GSI the new species of deformed shell stabilized SHE has been discovered. The spherical super heavy nucleipredicted for Z=114 are still waiting for discovery though this proton number has already been surpassed with heaviest element
observed, oganesson, with 118 protons. To reach this goal the new generation of SHE factories is under way. Drawbacks of the
existing experiments are the insufficient sensitivity and the identification by decay characteristics. The new SHE factories will
provide more beam intensity for higher sensitivity and direct A, Z identification by isobaric mass measurement with high-resolving
multi-reflection time-of-flight mass spectrometers (MRTOF-MS). These spectrometers have a resolving power of 600,000 and are
also suitable for the analysis of macro molecules or even cell fragments. Such spectrometers are developed at Giessen University.
Experiments for the identification of exotic nuclei created in transfer reactions are under way.
Keynote Forum
Gui Lu Long
Tsinghua University, China
Keynote: The realistic interpretation of quantum mechanics
Time : 11:30-12:00
Biography:
Gui Lu Long is a Professor at Tsinghua University, fellow of IoP (UK) and fellow of APS (US). He is the current President of Associations of Asian Pacific Physical Societies and was Vice-Chair of C13 of IUPAP during 2015–2017. He received his BSc from Shandong University in 1982 and PhD from Tsinghua University in 1987 respectively. He has been working in Tsinghua since 1987. During 1989-1993 he was a Research Fellow in the University of Sussex in UK. He published more 300 refereed papers and has more than 14000 citations in Google-Scholar.
Abstract:
The interpretation of the wave function in quantum mechanics has been a subject for debate ever since quantum mechanics was
established. There are many interpretations of quantum mechanics and the dominant one is the Copenhagen interpretation where the wave function is a mere mathematical description. After many years of research in quantum information and teaching of quantum mechanics, the author gradually formulated his own interpretation, a realistic interpretation (REIN) of quantum mechanics. In this keynote talk, the author will present in details the main points of the REIN. In particular, an explanation of the measurement is given. An encounter delayed choice experiment is described. In many aspects, REIN is more natural than other interpretation. Comparisons with other interpretations will also be discussed.
Keynote Forum
Mioara Mugur Schachter
University of Reims, France
Keynote: Principles of a second quantum mechanics constructed bottom-up
Time : 12:00-13:00
Biography:
Mioara Mugur Schachter was born in Romania, she arrived in France in 1962 from Bucharest. Her PhD thesis - of which the whole content had been elaborated before
hand in Bucharest and sent to Louis de Broglie - contains the first and very elaborated invalidation of von Neumann's famous proof asserting the impossibility of hidden
parameters compatible with the quantum mechanical formalism. This work was published in a volume prefaced by Louis de Broglie and published in the collection Les
grands problèmes des sciences, Gauthiers Villars, Paris, 1964.Since that time, a professor of theoretical physics in France and currently president of CESEF.
Abstract:
This is not an interpretation of the Hilbert-Dirac quantum mechanics QMHD. It exposes the principles of a new representation of
microstates called a second quantum mechanics and denoted QM2. This representation is rooted directly into the a-conceptual
physical reality wherefrom it has been constructed bottom-up, conceptually and formally and in uninterrupted relation with
factuality. First a qualitative but formalized representation of the general characteristics of any physical theory of the microstates is
developed quite independently of the quantum mechanical formalism and outside it, under exclusively the [operational-conceptualmethodological]
constraints entailed by the requirement of a consensual, predictive, and verifiable description of entities that –
radically – cannot be perceived directly by human conceptors-observers. This representation is called infra-(quantum mechanics)
and is denoted IQM. The specific purpose of IQM is to offer a reference-and-imbedding-structure for the construction of any
acceptable theory of the microstates: Only a pre-structure of this sort could permit to overcome the thick inertial ties that immobilize
the minds inside an out-dated theory that still subsists only by idolization. Indeed IQM overcomes the idolization by constructing
comparability with QMHD, which endows with criteria for estimating from various and definite points of view the significance
and the adequacy of each one among the main classes of mathematical representational elements from its formalism. IQM can
be regarded as a first realization from a whole group of structures of a new kind, constructed inside the framework of the general
Method of Relativized Conceptualization MRC and conceived in order to act as infra-(representational structures) for guiding the
construction of a theory on any given domain of physical entities. By systematic reference to IQM – is worked out a preliminary
critical examination of QMHD. It thus appears that: (a) QMHD is devoid of any general formal representation of the physical,
individual entities and operations that it quite essentially does involve: the whole level of individual conceptualization of the
microstates is lacking, massively. Inside QMHD are clearly defined exclusively abstract statistics of results of measurements on
only ghostly sketched out physical entities and physical operations on these; and even these definitions themselves are found to be
incomplete, or cryptic, or even inadequate. (b) The mathematical formalism from QMHD does involve – and in a quite fundamental
role – a definite model of a specimen of a microstate, namely de Broglie's wave-model with a corpuscular-like singularity in its
amplitude. But both this fact and its meaning remain implicit. So their consequences are not systematically recognized and made use
of. This entails a catastrophic hole in the process of representation, namely absence of explicit coding rules of the observable effects
of an act of quantum-measurements, in terms of a definite value of the measured quantity. From (a) and (b) it follows that QMHD
is simply devoid of an acceptable representation of the quantum measurements: Such, in fact, is the idolized nowadays Hilbert-
Dirac Quantum-Mechanics. The mentioned lacunae are then compensated via a radically constructive bottom-up approach that
starts from local zeros of knowledge on the individual physical entities that are involved. First a new representation of the quantum
measurements is elaborated for any un-bound microstate, whether devoid of a quantum-potential, or containing such a potential
(while the category of bound states does not raise questions of principle from the point of view of IQM). The elaboration of this
representation involves incorporation of a second central feature from Louis de Broglie's approach, beside his model, namely the
guiding-rule that defines the momentum observable of the corpuscular-like singularity from the wave of a specimen of the studied
microstate. The mathematical representation of predictive probability-measures on results of outcomes of quantum measurements
are then constructed factually – via measurements – just as one is obliged to do for verifying the asserted predictions. Thereby this
representation emerges independent of the Schrödinger equation of the problem. So the use of this equation – if it can be written and solved – is quite generally duplicated by a factual-formal procedure for establishing the predictions. This permits control of
the output of the equation when gross idealizations or/and approximations are involved. And when the equation cannot be solved
or even cannot be defined, this offers the possibility of a total factual replacement of its theoretical output. (Such a situation is first
surprising inside a fundamental theory of mathematical physics; but finally it appears as quite consonant with the new possibilities
generated by the progresses realized in informatics and in nanotechnology). Finally, around the core constituted by the mentioned
new representation of the quantum measurements, is structured a very synthetic global outline of the Second Quantum Mechanics,
QM2. This emerges as a fully intelligible, consensual, predictive and verifiable representation of microstates where the operational
generation of conceptual-experimental data on factually generated microstates are expressed in formalized qualitative terms while
the asserted verifiable predictions are expressed in terms of Hilbert-vectors.
- High Energy Nuclear Physics | Quantum Science & Technology | Classical & Modern Physics | Atomic, Molecular & Optical Physics
Location: Slyt 3
Session Introduction
Laszlo P Csernai
University of Bergen, Norway
Title: Sustainable development, energy and entropy
Time : 14:00-14:20
Biography:
Laszlo P Csernai worked as Professor of Theoretical Physics in Bergen, Norway in the recent 30 years. He has earlier worked in Hungary, East- and West Germany and in
the USA. He supervised 23 students for Master’s degree and 16 for PhD from his Bergen Graduates and Postdocs, today seven are Professors, in USA, China, Romania,
Spain and Oslo. He worked primarily in the field of nuclear theory, mostly with high energy heavy ions and has more than 300 publications in many fields of physics.
Between 2000-2005, he was directing the Bergen Computational Physics Laboratory, a 1 million Euro, Research Infrastructure of the EU. He is member of Det Norske
Videnskaps-Akademi, the Norwegian Academy of Science and Technology, two Hungarian Academies and he is now member of the Council and earlier he Chaired the
Physics and Engineering Section of Academia Europaea.
Abstract:
The physical fundamentals of sustainable development in physics and entropy as well as the basics of energy, heat and
entropy and waste heat will be presented. Following the ground breaking work of E Schroedinger, it will be shown that
sustainable development can be quantitatively connected to decreasing entropy. Subsequently we will discuss different energy
sources, their efficiency and the connected entropy production. Energy storage and transfer will be analyzed for different
processes from the point of view of efficiency and entropy production. Finally the same analysis will be presented for energy
use and some examples from present human technology.
Livius Trache
Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Romania
Title: Star physics in above- and under-ground nuclear physics laboratory
Time : 14:20-14:40
Biography:
Livius Trache is versatile physicist with over 35 years experience of work in several nuclear physics laboratories in Eastern and Western Europe, Russia and USA.
Research in experimental nuclear physics, with contributions in nuclear structure, in nuclear astrophysics, and in reactions between heavy ions, including reactions with
radioactive nuclear beams. Have developed theoretical models needed to describe the nuclear structure studied, and for new indirect methods for nuclear astrophysics.
Experienced in equipment design and construction and also in applied nuclear physics, ranging from the analysis of macroelements and trace elements in archaeological
material and in semiconductors using atomic and nuclear methods (XRF, PIXE, neutron activation, proton or deuteron activation), to the detection of nuclear radiation. He
lead a nuclear structure group in the Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering (IFIN) in Bucharest, Romania from 1983 to 1998 and one at Texas A&M University. He
had in the past and he have currently approved experiments in laboratories in Germany, Netherlands, Czech Republic, Italy, France and Japan. Experienced working with
large experimental devices or arrangements, like magnetic spectrometers and multidetectors.
Abstract:
We have learned so much about the Universe in these few first years of the 21st century that we are wondering if we are in
the midst of a revolution in physics similar to that of the first decades of the last century. Many of these discoveries of the
21st century were made by progress in observations of the macro-cosmos, looking above us with better and better tools. Others
were coming from the study of the micro-cosmos, and better and more powerful tools were essential here, too. But many of
the news from the stars above us rely on data we gather in the terrestrial laboratories. Nuclear reactions are the fuel of the stars
and the elemental abundances are fingerprints of the evolution of the Universe, but to understand these broad and well-known
statements we need the data of what we call nuclear astrophysics; or better said nuclear physics for astrophysics. These studies
are carried out in nuclear physics laboratories, large and small. The author will refer to a few of these, exemplifying with work
that the author has done with his group, or he participated to. They are carried out in large institutions around the world,
dedicated to the production and use of radioactive nuclear beams or in smaller laboratories hidden underground in order
to improve the chances of detection in cases of very poor signal/background ratio. The latter are direct nuclear astrophysics
measurements, while the former are using what we call indirect methods. Both cases involve better technologies and the
contact with industries was and remains crucial in their realization. That comes in large facilities, pushing the size and power
limits of current technologies, or in smaller sizes, insisting on better detector materials and smaller and smaller, but more and
more complex and fast electronics and data acquisition systems. The examples used will be from studies of radiative proton
capture processes and of carbon burning.
Yuichiro Nagame
Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Japan
Title: Determination of the first ionization potentials of heavy actnides based on an atom at a time scale
Time : 14:40-15:00
Biography:
Yuichiro Nagame is currently Senior Associate of Advanced Science Research Center in Japan Atomic Energy Agency and Professor of Ibaraki University. He received a
PhD degree in 1982 with a study of strongly damped collision mechanism in heavy ion induced nuclear reactions from Tokyo Metropolitan University. His research interests
are chemical and nuclear properties of the heaviest elements, nuclear fission, heavy ion induced nuclear reactions and so on. He served as a Chairman of Japan Society
of Nuclear and Radio chemical Sciences during 2010-2012. He was an IUPAC Associate Member from 2000 to 2001, and is a Member/Fellow of IUPAC since 2002.
Abstract:
The first ionization potential (IP1) is one of the most sensitive atomic properties which reflect the outermost electron
configuration. Precise and accurate determination of IP1 of heavy elements allows us to give significant information on
valence electronic structure affected by relativistic effects. The IP1 values of heavy elements up to einsteinium (Es, Z=99),
produced in a nuclear reactor in macroscopic quantities were successfully measured by resonance ionization mass spectroscopy.
IP1 values of heavy elements with Z≥100, however, have not been determined experimentally, because both half lives and
production rates of nuclides of still heavier elements are rapidly decreasing, which forces us to manage elements on an atomat-
a-time scale. In the present study, we report the determination of the IP1 values of heavy actinides from fermium (Fm,
Z=100) through lawrencium (Lr, Z=103) using a surface ionization technique. The surface ion-source installed in JAEA-ISOL
(isotope separator on-line) was applied for measuring the ionization of the short-lived nuclides 249Fm (half-life T1/2=2.6 min),
251Md (T1/2=4.27 min), 257No (T1/2=24.5 s), and 256Lr (T1/2=27 s) that were produced in the 243Am + 11B, 243Am + 12C, 248Cm + 13C,
and 249Cf + 11B reactions, respectively, at the JAEA tandem accelerator. The number of ions collected after the mass-separation
was determined by α-particle spectroscopy to evaluate ionization efficiencies. The obtained IP1 values are in good agreement
with those predicted by state of the art relativistic calculations as well as with early prediction. The contribution will present
experimental details and results obtained in this study.
Lidia Obojska
Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Poland
Title: Quaternions for singlet states of quantum particles
Time : 15:00-15:20
Biography:
Lidia Obojska has completed her PhD in 1999 from Warsaw University, and her habilitation in 2014 from Polish Academy of Science in Warsaw. She is a Professor at
Siedlce University, and the Head of the Department of Mathematics and Physics. She has published papers in the field of mathematics and physics. She wrote a book on
a non-classical collective set theory, and has been serving as a referee in several journals.
Abstract:
The following presentation proposes a way to construct quaternions describing singlet states of quantum particles. The
given method follows from an entangled-part theory(EPT). The basic relation of EPT is the division relation, which is
pre-ordering; the anti-symmetry is rejected. Anti-symmetry is necessary for establishing order on elements, but in some cases
it can be too restrictive since it excludes duality; i.e. it glues objects together that are symmetric. In the proposed theory
we define an ordering in terms of the division relation. Moreover, we apply the rejection of anti-symmetry for definition of
indistinguishable objects. In this way, within EPT we can interpret singlet states of quantum particles. The obtained results
suggest that there exist two pairs of quaternions, and they are the only quaternions generating singlet states because they
are generators of the same finite group. Quaternions that form a pair have the same angles of rotation, and the same vectors,
designating the axis of rotation; however, the rotations are in opposite directions. Finally, once quaternions for singlet states
were created, we may be able to generalize the method, and create pairs of quaternions for any, finite number of entangled
particles. Such research is in progress.
Eliza Wajch
Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Poland
Title: Problems on quasi-sets in quantum mechanics
Time : 15:40-16:00
Biography:
Eliza Wajch completed her PhD from Lodz University in 1988 and her habilitation in Poland in 1998. She is a Mathematician working on topology, axiomatic foundations
of mathematics and physics, as well as on applied mathematics. She participated in international conferences on topology, real analysis, set theory, number theory and
on physics. She is an Author or Co-author of about 40 articles and of one book. Currently, she is an Associate Professor at the Department of Mathematics and Physics of
Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities in Siedlce in Poland.
Abstract:
This research concerns consequences of modifications of several axioms of Krause’s remarkable quasi-set theory (QST) in
which quantum objects, indistinguishability and quasi-cardinals are taken into consideration. A motivation for changes
of QST, strictly relevant to applications in quantum mechnics, will be given. A notion of a model of QST is suggested since
satisfactory constructions of models of QST are needed. It can be shown that, paradoxically, it may happen in a model of
QST that there exists an infinite collection of pairwise distinct quasi-cardinal assignments such that distinct members of
this collection assign distinct quasi-cardinals to the same quasi-set of micro-atoms of QST although every quasi-set has only
one quasi-cardinal with respect to a given quasi-cardinal assignment. This is an answer to the following question posed, in
November 2017, by F Holik who had been inspired by my results shown partly at the 2nd International Conference on Physics
in Brussels in August 2017: is it possible to create a denumerable family of equally valid quasi-cardinal functions in such a way
that it can be proved that a particle number of a given quasi-set cannot be defined? Comments on another question of F Holik
whether different quasi-cardinal functions can represent different outcomes of a physical experiment with a particle number
measurement will be made.
Bernardo Gut
Volkshochschule beider Basel, Switzerland
Title: An immanent-logical analysis of the foundations of SRT
Time : 16:00-16:20
Biography:
Bernardo Gut went to the St. Andrew's Scots School, studied Science in Zürich, obtaining his PhD from the University of Zürich. He taught Science, Philosophy, and
Spanish at the Gymnasium Münchenstein, near Basel, from 1967 till 2005. He has published more than 20 papers in several journals and written several books, above all
on epistemology, consistency in set theory and in the theory of relativity, but also on biological subjects
Abstract:
Einstein's Special Theory of Relativity (SRT) belongs to the set of dogmatic–deducible theories. Einstein based the SRT on
two postulates, which prescribe, with regard to certain settings, the kind of sensory appearances, i.e. observations, above
all measurements, that are to be expected. Its postulates are:
1.Postulate of Relativity (= PoR), insisting that in inertial frames of reference K°, K' moving reciprocally at a constant speed Ç€vÇ€
along their parallel x°–x'–axes identical laws of Nature have to be valid.
2.Postulate of Constant Velocity of Light (= PoL), initially declaring that for observers in K° a light signal L°, emitted by a
source Q°of K° along its x°–axis, moves at velocity Ç€cÇ€, independently of any motion of Q°.
According to the PoR, the PoL must also hold good for observers in K', but only so if symmetric premises to those valid for
observers in K° are given for observers in K' – this being a strict, irrevocable conditio sine qua non. Relativists, however, apply
the PoL together with the PoR directly to L°, without transferring the source of light from K° to K', i.e. without assembling in
the frame of reference K' a symmetric configuration to the one previously established for the frame of reference K°. This lack
of symmetry means that relativists fail to apply either of the postulates properly; in fact, they suddenly change the meaning
they had initially conferred to the two expressions 'PoR' and 'PoL', thereby transgressing the fundamental Principle of Identity.
Furthermore, they break the Principle of Non–Contradiction, since they had previously declared the mutual relative speed of
K' and K° to be Ç€vÇ€, thereby implicitly inferring that the same real units were meant by the same terms (e.g. 'm' and 's' to specify
velocity) in both frames of reference K° and K'. It follows that the SRT is logically inconsistent; as such, it is not possible to
corroborate the theory experimentally.
Musa D Abdullahi
Umaru Musa Yar’adua University, Nigeria
Title: A mass-energy equivalence law as E = ½ mc2
Time : 16:20-16:40
Biography:
Musa D Abdullahi obtained his BSc degree in Physics from the University of Manchester, England, 1965. He was the first person to obtain a Postgraduate degree in
Electronics and Telecoms from Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria in August 1968. He taught at Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria and Federal University of Technology
Minna in Nigeria. He is a Fellow of the Nigerian Academy of Engineering. He retired from public service in August 2000. He is now an Adjunct Lecturer in the Department
of Physics, UMYU, Katsina, Nigeria. He is a prolific contributor of papers in online journals.
Abstract:
This paper assumed that the charge and mass of a particle are independent of its speed relative to an observer. A moving
particle of charge Q and mass m with an electrostatic field Eo at an angle θ to the direction of speed v is considered. The
intrinsic energy of the particle is contained in its electrostatic field. The magnetic field generated takes no energy. It is shown
that, as a result of aberration of electric field Eo, becomes a dynamic electric field Ev displaced by aberration angle α from
the stationary position. Equating the difference between the energy of dynamic field Ev and the energy of electrostatic field
Eo, with the kinetic energy ½ mv2 of the particle, gives a mass-energy equivalence law as E = ½ mc2. It is also shown that a
charged particle moving at time t with acceleration dv/dt produces a reactive electric field Ea = -μoεoφ(dv/dt), where μo is the
permeability and εo the permittivity of space and φ the potential at a point due to the charge. It is proposed that Ea acts on the
same charge Q producing it, to create a reactive force equal and opposite to the accelerating force, so that EaQ = -μoεoφQ(dv/
dt) = -2Eμoεo(dv/dt) = -m(dv/dt), where E = φQ/2 = ½ mc2 is the electrostatic energy and c2 = 1/μoεo, c being the speed of light.
The reactive field Ea explains the cause of inertia of a body as an electrical effect in the body.
Xiang yu Kong,
Tsinghua University, China
Title: Duality quantum computing and its application
Time : 16:40-17:00
Biography:
Xiangyu Kong is a PhD candidate at Tsinghua University from Guilu Long group. His research area is duality quantum computing and NMR quantum information processing.
Abstract:
Duality quantum computing is a new mode of a quantum computer that admits linear combinations of unitaries. Duality
quantum computing can realize an arbitrary sum of unitaries and therefore a general quantum operator, which is called
a generalized quantum gate. All linear bounded operators can be realized by the generalized quantum gates, and unitary
operators are just the extreme points of the set of generalized quantum gates. Duality quantum computing provides flexibility
and a clear physical picture in designing quantum algorithms, and serves as a powerful bridge between quantum and classical
algorithms. Thus there are many applications in duality quantum computing, such as solving linear equations, simulating
open quantum system, simulating quantum channels and so on. Recently, we present a quantum algorithm to probabilistically
perform the creation and annihilation operators via duality quantum computing.
- Material Physics | Nano-Technology | Electromagnetism and Electronics | Condensed Matter Physics | Applied Physics
Location: Slyt 3
Session Introduction
Gaia Grimaldi
CNR – SPIN Institute, Italy
Title: Flux flow instability for testing superconducting materials in view of applications
Time : 10:50-11:10
Biography:
Gaia Grimaldi has completed her PhD at Salerno University in collaboration with ENEA Research Center in Frascati, Rome at Superconductivity Laboratory in 2001.
She was a Visiting Researcher at Technical University of Munich, Germany in 2000. Since 2003, she is a Researcher at INFM - National Institute of Matter Physics,
then from 2005 at National Council of Research - CNR in the superconducting and other innovative materials and device, SPIN Institute. She has published more
than 55 papers in international journals and has been a Referee of many outstanding journals. (Sust, Nature, IEEE).
Abstract:
Super conductors can conduct electricity at a very low temperature where no energy is dissipated by resistive heating, so
superconductors can carry current with 100% efficiency. Actually the use of superconducting technology can make smaller,
lighter and more powerful equipments that can improve a power system's stability, reliability, quality and safety. As far as
energy power applications are concerned, the stability of the superconducting state becomes relevant for the operation of
these devices. Unfortunately, superconductivity becomes unstable under sufficiently high bias currents. Not only the highest
critical currents are required but also quenching phenomena need to be prevented in order to get the best performance of any
superconducting device. Typically this instability is observed in the current voltage characteristics as an abrupt voltage jump to
the normal state, which turns into a current driving quench event. Therefore such instability study arises as a valuable tool to
test the high current carrying capability of a superconductor. Experimental studies are performed in extremely high magnetic
fields and low temperatures as a function of the direction of the applied magnetic field in our Advanced Material Science and
Technology Research Master Labs. Here it is reported an overall study on different materials from low temperature to high
temperature and iron-based superconductors. The present technique can be employed as a direct tool to validate the stability
of superconducting materials for energy efficient technology.
Paul E Wagner
University of Vienna, Austria
Title: Direct experimental determination of contact angles and line tensions on the nano-scale
Time : 11:10-11:30
Biography:
Paul E Wagner is currently Associate Professor at University of Vienna. Previously, he was embraced with some positions as Guest Scholar at Clarkson University,
USA; Guest Scholar at Kyoto University, Japan; Visiting Professor at the University of Helsinki, Finland. He was honoured with Smoluchowski Award for Aerosol
Research; Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; Honorary Member of the Committee on Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols and received
Honorary Doctorate from University of Helsinki. He served as Vice President of Gesellschaft für Aerosolforschung; Chairman of Committee on Nucleation and
Atmospheric Aerosols; Co-Chairman of five International Conferences. He was the author of 10 books and more than 180 refereed publications.
Abstract:
The wetting behaviour of liquids on solid surfaces depends on the interaction of molecules in the solid, liquid and gas
phases. This interaction can be characterized by the contact angle between solid and liquid surfaces in the vicinity of the
three phase contact line. For macroscopic systems a number of experimental techniques are available for measurement of
contact angles. Recently intermediate micron size systems have been studied as well. However, in the nano-scale contact angles
are hardly accessible. Here we report the first direct experimental determination of contact angles and contact line curvatures
on a scale of 1 nm. We have considered measurements of heterogeneous nucleation of super saturated water vapour on nearly
spherical and mono dispersed Ag particles with well defined seed particle radius rp down to about 1.5 nm. From the slope of
the activation curves we obtained the number n* of molecules in the critical cluster using the nucleation theorem. On the other
hand the onset saturation ratio, where 50% of the seed particles are activated, allows to determine the radius r* of the critical
cluster using the Kelvin relation. Based on rp, r* and n* the microscopic contact angle as well as radius and curvature of the
contact line can be directly obtained. We find microscopic contact angles around 15 degrees compared to 90 degrees for the
macroscopic equilibrium angle. This difference can be attributed to line tension as originally postulated by Gibbs. Line tension
is becoming increasingly dominant with increasing curvature of the contact line.
K E Prikhodko
National Research Centre “Kurchatov Instituteâ€, Russia
Title: Radiation technique to control the atomic composition and physical properties of thin film materials for different super conductive and other functional nano-elements production
Time : 11:30-11:50
Biography:
B A Gurovich is a Full Professor in National Nuclear University (MEPhI). He specializes in the the field of reactor materials science, radiation solid state physics. He
is an author of radiation techniques of material properties transformation under ion beam irradiation. He has published more than 150 papers in reputed journals.
Abstract:
The paper describes a technique developed by the authors to create composite micro and nano structures for various purposes
from metals, semiconductors, insulators and super conductive materials with different chemical and physical properties.
The chemical composition and properties of materials can be controlled by means of ion beam irradiation. The technique is
implemented in three ways: by selective removal of atoms (SRA) to produce metals and semiconductors from insulators; the
selective displacement of atoms (SDA) to change the atomic composition from one atom to another (to change properties of
superconductive materials); and the selective association of atoms (SAA) to produce insulators. Present technique has been
successfully used to solve a number of urgent tasks in creating micro and nano devices. We have reached a three dimensional
structures resolution of about 15 nm for patterned magnetic media (153 Gb/in2). The metal wires with nanoscale section in
dielectric matrix were created. We have demonstrated the transformations of oxides to metals and semiconductors (Cu, W, Co,
Bi, Mo, Ta, Ge, etc.,) by SRA technique of nitrides to oxides (Si, Al, Ti, Ga, Nb) by SDA technique; and of pure elements (Si, Al,
Ti, Nb) to oxides by SAA technique. We have demonstrated formation of main cryoelectronics elements: resistors, capacitors
and planar Josephson junctions from initial superconductive NbN (5 nm) film by using ion beam irradiation and of on chip
integrated resistive elements for super conductive single photon detectors (SSPD) with photons number resolution.
Ulrich Wulf
Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Germany
Title: Semiempirical quantum transport model for SOIFETs and FinFETs
Time : 11:50-12:10
Biography:
Ulrich Wulf after his PhD at the Max-Planck Institute in Stuttgart, Germany, went to a Postdoctoral stay at the Indiana State University in Bloomington IN, USA. In
1993 he returned to Germany to the Brandenburg Technical University as an Associate Professor. Besides teaching, he runs a small theory group with the focus
of quantum transport and nanoelectronics. Since 2013 they maintain a close cooperation with Global Foundries in Dresden which provided the devices to verify
their semiempirical model.
Abstract:
In a series of recent publications a semiempirical quantum model for conventional bulk- metal-oxide-semiconductor fieldeffect
transistor (MOSFETs) was developed. This model was verified comparing with the traces of a variety of experimental
devices. After reviewing the semiempirical model we demonstrate the essential extensions necessary to be able to describe silicon
on insulator field-effect transistor (SOIFETs) or fin field-effect transistor (FinFETs) used in state-of-the-art semiconductor
industry. In these devices the source- and the drain contact as well as the conduction channel of the transistor are confined
in depth direction to a thin silicon film (Si-film). In the first step we demonstrate that the quantum mechanical raise of the
Fermi energy in the source and the drain which is associated with the narrow confinement in the depth direction leads to
an increase of the effective channel length. This increase reduces a degradation of the output traces caused by source-drain
tunneling. In the second step we calculate the supply functions in our semiempirical model to assess the decrease of the usable
signal current through the conduction channel with decreasing width of the Si-film. In the third step we calculate the complete
output characteristics to compare bulk FETs with SOIFETs or FinFETs within the semiempirical model. The trade-off between
desirable reduction of source-drain tunneling on the one hand and detrimental decrease of signal current on the other hand
is discussed.
Dragos Victor Anghel
Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Romania
Title: Peculiarities of the BCS theory of superconductivity
Time : 12:10-12:30
Biography:
Dragos Victor Anghel has completed his PhD in year 2000, at the University of Jyvaskyla, Finland. From 2000 to 2005 he held Postdoc positions in the University
of Jyvaskyla and in the University of Oslo. From 2005 he moved to IFIN-HH, Romania (the present institution), where he is now Senior Researcher (grade 1) and a
member in the Editorial Board of the journal Romanian Reports in Physics. He is an author or coauthor of more than 60 papers in reputed physics ISI journals and
participated as an invited speaker in numerous prestigious international conferences.
Abstract:
We study the effect of the relative value of the chemical potential with respect to the middle of the attraction band, on
the results of the BCS theory of superconductivity. In this way, we observe that the phenomenology predicted by the
theory is much richer than previously expected. If the attraction band (i.e. the interval in which the pairing interaction is
manifested) is not symmetric with respect to the chemical potential, then the equation for the energy gap has two solutions,
the superconductor-normal metal phase transition temperature is changed, and the phase transition may become of the first
order. The phase transition temperature decreases with the asymmetry, so, if the asymmetry is modified by doping of the
superconductor or by applying pressure, then a structure similar to the so called superconducting dome is formed if we plot
the transition temperature vs. doping or pressure.
L. Gr. Ixaru
Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Romania
Title: A biophysics problem: Computational difficulties and their solution
Time : 12:30-12:50
Biography:
L Gr Ixaru is a Professor of Computational Physics and a member of the Academy of Romanian Scientists. He has written three books and more than 70 scientific
papers in well reputed journal. He was distinguished with some national and international prizes and served as a member in the editorial boards of two high standard
journals.
Abstract:
The problem is in the field of controlled drug release. Many mechanisms have been examined along time in this area but
here we consider one which is based on the osmosis effect, as described in A G Popescu et al., Romanian J. Biophys. 20:223-
234 (2010) and references therein. These authors investigate the time evolution of a spherical liposome with a semipermeable
coat and containing a solution of some pharmaceutical drug, when this is immersed into a bay of a solvent. Due to the osmosis,
the liposome is swelling from the initial radius R0 up to a critical value Rc at which the surrounding membrane becomes so
stressed that a pore of radius rc is produced on its surface. A second stage then begins where some part of the drug content Q is
released through the pore and thus the liposome is relaxed until reaching the original radius. A new cycle of the same type can
begin with the only difference that now the input Q is smaller than before, and this is repeated as many times as Q is sufficient
for ensuring a swelling up to Rc. As mentioned in the quoted paper, the two-stage cycle is mathematically characterized by a
differential equation for R (swelling) and a system of three such equations for R, r and Q (relaxation). The numerical solution
of the latter rises difficulties because this is stiff and then it asks for a high stability method. The Runge-Kutta methods are of
two types, explicit and implicit. The explicit methods are easy to use but with low stability properties while vice versa holds
true for the implicit methods. A method which brings the qualities of the two under the same umbrella is presented. It is of
a special type in the sense that its coefficients are equation dependent, not constant, as in the standard literature on Runge-
Kutta methods. The method is applied on the considered problem and the results confirm that the osmosis-based mechanism
deserves indeed serious attention in the area of controlled drug release.
Majid Amooshahi
University of Isfahan, Iran
Title: Canonical relativistic quantization of electromagnetic field in the presence of an anisotropic conductor magneto-dielectric medium
Time : 13:50-14:10
Biography:
Majid Amooshahi is faculty member of physics department in university of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
Abstract:
A canonical relativistic quantization of electromagnetic field is introduced in the presence of an anisotropic conductor
magneto-dielectric medium. The medium is modeled by a continuum collection of the vector fields and a continuum
collection of the antisymmetric tensor fields of the second rank in Minkowski space-time. The collection of vector fields
describes the conductivity property of the medium and the collection of antisymmetric tensor fields describes the polarization
and the magnetization properties of the medium. The conservation law of the total electric charges, induced in the anisotropic
conductor magneto-dielectric medium, is deduced using the antisymmetry conditions imposed on the coupling tensors that
couple the electromagnetic field to the medium. Two relativistic covariant constitutive relations for the anisotropic conductor
magneto-dielectric medium are obtained. One of the constitutive relations relates the free electric current density fourvector,
induced in the medium, to the strength tensor of the electromagnetic field. Another constitutive relation relates the
antisymmetric electric -magnetic polarization tensor field of the medium to the strength tensor of the electromagnetic field.
It is shown that for a homogeneous anisotropic medium the susceptibility tensor of the medium satisfies the Kramers-Kronig
relations. Also it is shown that for a homogeneous anisotropic medium the real and imaginary parts of the conductivity tensor
of the medium in frequency domain, are related to each other by the Kramers-Kronig relations and a relation other than the
Kramers-Kronig relations. The electromagnetic field together with the anisotropic conductor magneto-dielectric medium are
quantized in a canonical relativistic standard way in the Gupta-Bleuler framework.
Vasily Yu Belashov
Kazan Federal University, Russia
Title: New sight at the nature of superconductivity phenomenon: Simple explanation
Time : 14:10-14:30
Biography:
Vasily Yu Belashov has DSc degree in Physics and Mathematics. His main fields are: theory and simulation of the dynamics of multidimensional nonlinear waves,
solitons and vortex structures in plasmas and other dispersive media. Presently, he is Chief Scientist and Professor at the Kazan Federal University. He is author
of 320 publications including seven fundamental monographs.
Abstract:
All existing interpretations of superconductivity are based anyhow on the idea of the charge transfer by free carriers. The
exotic conditions of the nondissipative transfer are sought in all cases. But it is possible to explain this phenomenon more
simply: by collectivization of the bound valence electrons in a macrobody. So, we postulate the possibility of existence of such
state of solid when the valence electrons being in the stationary energy state, get common for all ensemble of atomic remains of
solid. In other words, we postulate the possibility of existence of the giant molecule (gimole) with uniprobable localization of
the bound valence electrons on all atomic remains (i.e. the wave function of each of these electrons is distributed quasiuniform
in all space of gimole). That corresponds to the N-multiple exchange degeneracy of the energy levels where N is the atomic
remains’ number in gimole. So, we propose the explanation of nature of phenomenon which is based on the postulate of
possibility of existence of the gimole with uniprobable localization of the bound valence electrons on all atomic remains,
without drawing of the idea of charge transfer by free carriers and without inventing of various exotic conditions for realization
of the nondissipative transfer. Thus, the explanation of the nature of superconductivity phenomenon which is based on the
postulate of possibility of existence of the gimole with uniprobable localization of the bound valence electrons on all atomic
remains is proposed. A way of the experimental testing of our model is shown.
- Astro-Particle Physics & Cosmology | Plasma Science
Location: Slyt 3
Session Introduction
Herman Holushko
Independent Researcher, Canada
Title: Analysis of Type Ia supernovae light curves in observed bands
Time : 14:30-14:50
Biography:
Herman Holushko received MS degree in Computer Science at The Bauman Moscow State Technical University in 1990. He has professional experience in
computer simulation and currently works as a Software Engineer in Canada. His articles on computer simulations were published in professional journals and
conference proceedings. As an independent researcher he applies his experience for research in astrophysics.
Abstract:
Type Ia supernovae play an important role of standard candles in modern cosmology. They also exhibit a phenomenon of
light curve broadening which increases with distance. It is widely accepted that the broadening is proportional to (1+z)
factor and strongly supports accelerated expansion of Universe. However, the analysis of the conducted research on the Type Ia
supernovae reveals some deficiencies and logical loops in it. To eliminate such problems, it is suggested to analyze observational
data by building light curves in observed bands without fitting to templates. Using observational data of 3-years Supernova
Legacy Survey (SNLS), the empirical light curves were built for each supernova in griz bands (whenever it was possible) in
natural (non-logarithmic) scale, for red shifts greater than 0.6. The theoretical predictions of light curves in observed griz
bands for different red shifts were obtained using computer simulation of light propagation from exploding supernova to
an observer. The simulation model uses the assumptions of the standard model on (1+z) time dilation. The input data for
computer simulation are spectra templates of typical Type Ia supernova explosion. The simulation model also considers light
extinction in our galaxy and filter transmission characteristics of the telescopes used in SNLS. The comparison of simulated
light curves with light curves built using SNLS observational data reveals violations of (1+z) time dilation hypothesis. Some
of the results point to the existence of dust in the intergalactic space. Recommendations for future observations of supernovae
were submitted to NASA and published on NASA web-site.
John E Brandenburg
Morningstar Applied Physics, USA
Title: The GEMS (Gravity Electro Magnetism Super) unification theory – a theory of the unification of the four forces of nature
Time : 14:50-15:10
Biography:
John E Brandenburg has completed his PhD from University of California at Davis extension campus at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and performed
extensive research on plasma physics for both fusion energy and space propuslion. He has worked at Sandia National Laboratory, the Florida Space Institute and
numerous aerospace companies in the United States. He has published extensively on plasma physics, field unification, and space and planetary science. He also
writes science fiction under the pen name Victor Norgarde.
Abstract:
This paper presents recent results of the GEMS (Gravity-Electro-Magnetism Super) unification theory which unifies the
four forces of nature. The GEMS theory was an unexpected development of an effort to unify only the two long-range
forces of nature: gravity and electromagnetism (EM). The two long range forces gravity and electro-magnetism are first unified,
and out of this unification also proceeds the unification of the short range weak and strong nuclear forces. They are unified
under the two postulates that: 1. Gravity fields are an array of electromagnetic Poynting cells and 2. The separate appearance of
gravity and EM fields from each other is correlated with the separation of protons and electrons from each other as they emerge
from the Planck scale with the appearance of a compact or hidden dimension. In the Standard Model all massive particles are
charged and move freely at short distances and even photons spend time as charged particles. The quark-electron split occurs
based on the asymmetry in dimensionality between space and time, with 3 quark colors representing space and the electron
representing time. The theory can be thought of as presently, a Bohr model of field unification, rudimentary but useful. The
theory is primarily geometric, and the classical radii of charged particles plays an unexpected role in physical calculations. The
proton, with its three interior quarks is born with the same effective radius as the electron- the electrostatic classical radius,
with the gluon-photon separation also occurring. The theory produces the value of G: the Newton gravitation constant, and
the proton mass accurately from the Planck scale with no free parameters. The theory produces the values of the masses,
charges and spins for the pions of the strong force and the W and Z bosons of the weak force as quantum Mie scatterings off
the compact dimension structures associated with the proton and electron masses. The Higgs boson mass follows from similar
formalism. The GEM theory extends the Standard Model to include gravitation and a detailed correspondence is shown with
electro-weak theory. The theory predicts a short lived, neutral spin 0 particle will be found at rest mass-energy approximately
22 MeV, and that a basic GEMS parameter σ=42.8503, occurs throughout the standard model in ratios of particle masses.
Biography:
Carl Strutinski studied Geological Sciences at the University of Bucharest. He worked for over 15 years in a geological enterprise for prospection and exploration,
and then for another 17 years at the Geological Institute of Romania (Bucharest), studying metamorphism and geotectonics. Since 1990, he published seminal
papers on the transcurrence phenomena in mountain building.
Abstract:
One of the most celebrated achievements of the plate tectonics theory (PTT) was the finding that rifting within continents
may lead to ocean spreading and permeation of oceanic lithosphere between fragmented blocks of continental lithosphere.
That the reverse, viz permeation of continental lithosphere through oceanic lithosphere, may be equally possible, yet under
totally different circumstances, has not been considered until now. This, I assume, is a deficiency of the PTT and a consequence
of its dealing with rigid plates on a constant-radius Earth. Within the frame of the improved Earth Expansion Model (EEM)
I postulate that creeping mantle currents carrying continents on their back are able to penetrate suboceanic lithosphere and
concomitantly assimilate and entrain the oceanic domains frontally encountered. The purpose of this study is to present
evidence of: 1) the existence of a lithospheric current under SE Asia; 2) the penetration of this current into the northeastern
flank of the Paleo-Indian Ocean and isolation of the extreme part of it as the West Philippine Basin; 3) the southeastward
displacement of the oceanic domains situated directly in front of the current, i.e. those portions now forming the more or less
tectonized basement of the Celebes, Banda and some smaller oceanic basins as well as the Ontong Java Plateau (OJP). In PTT
reconstructions the latter is unanimously considered to have been formed in the Mid-Pacific (Fig. 1A) while I am asserting that
it was initially placed in the present Gulf of Bengal (Fig. 1) forming a land bridge between India (IND) and Australia (AUS).
J Buitrago
University of La Laguna, Spain
Title: Transformation properties of electromagnetic field strength quantities under local gauge U(1) symmetry described in two-spinor language and induced zitterbewegung (trembling motion) in spin 1/2 particles
Time : 15:50-16:10
Biography:
J Buitrago is a Professor of Physics at the University of La Laguna in Tenerife (Spain). He obtained his degree in Theoretical Physics at the University Complutense
of Madrid and later was, during two years, in Max-Planck Institute für Astronomy (Heidelberg) with a Grant from the Max Planck Gesellschaft. His research activities
have been on a wide range of disciplines such as general relativity, relativistic quantum theory, gauge theories, cosmology, some areas of astrophysics, gravitational
waves and cosmology. He has imparted undergraduate and graduate courses on astrophysics, nuclear physics, general relativity, cosmology and gauge theories.
He directed 5 doctoral theses and published more than 40 articles. He was also visiting fellow during six months at the University College of Cardiff as well as three
months in Cambridge
Abstract:
After a brief discussion about classical local U(1) gauge invariance in Weyl two-spinor form (in terms of the electric and
magnetic field strength components) and the associated two spinor equations equivalent to the Lorentz force equation of
electrodynamics. The local U(1) gauge transformation properties of the different components of the symmetric second order
electromagnetic field spinor are analyzed. It is found that only the third component of the magnetic field is changed by local
gauge transformations. Using the gauge freedom associated with the third component of the magnetic field and choosing an
specific gauge (in a somewhat similar manner as the familiar Coulomb gauge in QED) it is shown that the phenomenon of
zitterbewegung (trembling motion) appears in a natural way as internal motion with the velocity of light applicable to any
one-half spin particle thus suggesting a kinematic origin of its rest mass and helicity. This result is in sharp contrast with the
traditional interpretation (emerging from the Dirac equation) as transitions between positive and negative energy states.
Khatuna Chargazia
Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Georgia
Title: Nonlinear dynamics of the solitary vortices and the wave structures in the complex media
Time : 16:10-16:30
Biography:
Khatuna Chargazia has completed her PhD from Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University in 2006 and Postdoctoral studies from M Nodia Institute of Geophysics.
She is the team Leader of the group of ionospheric studies at the Tbilisi State University. She has published more than 70 papers in reputed journals.
Abstract:
Based on mathematical models of describing the multidimensional soliton-type structures in complex media (ionospherean
atmosphere, hydrosphere, ionospheric and magnetospheric plasma) the nonlinear dynamics of electromagnetic solitary
vortices and the wave structures have been studied. Nonlinear wave structures can be a purely monopoly vortex, a transverse
vortex chain, and/or a longitudinal vortex path against the background of an inhomogeneous zonal wind, depending on the
shear flow velocity profile. The accumulation of such vortices in the ionospheric medium can generate a strongly turbulent
state. The interaction of soliton type multidimensional structures in the complex media, described by DNSL class of equations
taking into account of dispersive and dissipative effects are studied numerically and interesting results are obtained.